Depression Medication

What Are Antidepressants?

Antidepressants are medications that are prescribed to treat the symptoms of depression. These medications work by increasing levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. As a result, sleep, mood, and appetite are better regulated. When these chemicals are balanced, a person experiences fewer depression symptoms and a sense of overall improved well-being. 

Additionally, antidepressants can be used to improve other mental health disorders. These may include anxiety, mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it is important to comprehend that though antidepressants provide valuable symptom reduction, they are most effective when combined with therapy or other modalities to address the underlying cause of a person’s condition and support recovery on a long-term scale. 

Types of Antidepressants

There are multiple kinds of antidepressants. The type that is most beneficial to a person depends on their exact symptoms, challenges, and history. The most common types of antidepressant depression medication are highlighted below. 

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

SSRIs aim to improve depression by increasing serotonin levels in the brain. Serotonin is commonly referred to as a ‘happy chemical’ as increased levels are associated with improved emotional regulation and enhanced well-being. Furthermore, it can improve cognitive functioning that influences sleep, memory, and mood.

However, decreased serotonin levels can be linked to persistent feelings of sadness and agitation. SSRIs stop serotonin from being reabsorbed. This allows more serotonin to stay in the brain, resulting in emotional stability and an elevated mood.  

Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

SNRIs target both serotonin and norepinephrine. These two neurotransmitters play a critical role in mood regulation. SNRIs prevent the reabsorption of these chemicals, therefore boosting their levels in the brain.

This dual action on neurotransmitters assists in enhancing emotional balance and relieving symptoms of depression.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Tricyclic antidepressants work by elevating levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. TCAs are not used as widely as SSRIs and SNRIs as they are associated with more significant side effects. In some cases, they may be used for those who have not found symptom reduction through other forms of antidepressant depression medication.

Additionally, they may be used in the treatment of bipolar disorder or OCD. 

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

MAOIs work by inhibiting an enzyme that typically breaks down neurotransmitters, which results in increased levels of mood-boosting chemicals, such as serotonin. This medication is associated with dietary restrictions as it can cause negative interactions with certain foods.

Therefore, MAOIs are usually only prescribed when a person has not had success with other depression treatments. 

Atypical Antidepressants 

Atypical antidepressants refer to a category of medications that impact neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, but work differently than more traditional forms of depression medication. Typically, they are prescribed when other medications do not work or cause unpleasant side effects. Common types include Wellbutrin and Trazodone.

What Is The Most Commonly Prescribed Antidepressant?

SSRIs are regarded as the most widely prescribed type of antidepressant. This is because they pose more mild side effects when compared to other depression medications. Examples may include Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), Lexapro (escitalopram), and Celexa (citalopram).

According to a study, Lexapro was considered the most prescribed antidepressant in the United States between the years 2017 and 2021. 

Side Effects of Antidepressants

Antidepressants, as with any medications, can have unpleasant side effects. Though each of these medications may have specific associated side effects, there are certain symptoms that can be identified across the board.

Common side effects of antidepressants include:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Sleep disturbances (insomnia or oversleeping)
• Headaches
• Upset stomach, nausea, & vomiting
• Diarrhea 
• Constipation
• Dry mouth
• Sexual dysfunction 
• Increased drowsiness or fatigue
• Tremors or shaking
• Changes in appetite (resulting in weight gain or loss)
• Irritability or increased agitation 
• Emotional numbness
• Blurry vision

It is important to note that not every person taking antidepressant depression medication will encounter side effects. Furthermore, side effects may subside as you continue taking the antidepressant. If you continue experiencing side effects that are intense or uncomfortable, tell your healthcare provider so they can make the necessary adjustments. 

Other Treatment Methods for Depression

There are a variety of evidence-based therapies and holistic interventions that can be used to treat depression. These are typically used in conjunction with antidepressant depression medications to create a whole-body approach to healing.

Treatment services that benefit those struggling with mental health conditions such as depression include: 

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
• Psychotherapy
• Trauma Therapy
• Meditative Therapy
• Yoga Therapy
• Group Therapy
• Family Counseling
• Psychiatry 

Who Prescribes Antidepressants?

Antidepressant depression medications are usually prescribed by healthcare providers such as primary care doctors, psychiatrists, and nurse practitioners. After assessing the individual’s medical history, symptoms, and overall mental health, these professionals can decide what medication and dose would be most effective. Typically, they will continue monitoring the individual’s progress—making changes to the prescription if required.

How Do I Know My Antidepressant Dose Is Too Low?

There are a few signs indicating that an antidepressant dose is not high enough. The most telling of these is that a person’s depression or anxiety symptoms and overall mood are not improving after being on the medication for an appropriate amount of time.

Additionally, individuals may experience difficulty concentrating, trouble sleeping, and poor energy levels. If an individual is not seeing sufficient progress, they should communicate with the prescribing healthcare professional. That way, the dose can be increased or another medication can be tried. 

Recommended: How Do I Know My Antidepressant Dose Is Too High or Too Low?

Can I Drink on Antidepressants?

No, consuming alcohol while on antidepressants is overall not recommended. Alcohol is a depressant, therefore it can worsen symptoms of depression. Furthermore, the two substances can interact, resulting in negative side effects or in the antidepressant being less effective. 

How Do I Know My Antidepressant Dose Is Working?

A person will know that their antidepressant is becoming effective when they notice lessened symptoms of depression or anxiety. These may include ongoing sadness, persistent worrying, and irritability/agitation. Furthermore, individuals should have more energy, an enhanced mood, and ultimately function better in daily life.

Other improvements a person may notice are more restful sleep, better concentration, and an increased sense of motivation. It may take a few weeks to see progress, so it is critical that an individual stays consistent in taking their medication. 

How Long Does It Take For Antidepressants To Work?

In most cases, antidepressants take one to two weeks to begin working. Therefore, it is crucial to continue taking your antidepressant depression medication—even if it is not immediately effective.

However, if you do not see a positive change after one month, it is worth discussing with your doctor. It may be a sign that you should change your dosage or switch to a different medication. 

How Do I Know I Need Antidepressants?

Any individual struggling with mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety may benefit from medication—depending on their situation and individual needs. These conditions often interfere with a person’s ability to succeed in day-to-day life, but antidepressants can help bring relief and improve overall functioning.

Common indicators that a person needs antidepressant depression medication include: 

• Loss of interest in once-enjoyed activities or hobbies
• Persistent feelings of sadness, melancholy, or hopelessness
• Lack of energy
• Increased fatigue
• Feeling worthless or guilty
• Trouble concentrating
• Thoughts of self-harm or death 

If you think you could benefit from antidepressants, discuss what medication would be best for you with your healthcare provider. Furthermore, if you have thoughts of harming yourself or others, seek immediate assistance.